An assessment of the legal arguments in the “Revisiting The Durand Line: Historical and Legal Perspectives”

The Durand Agreement has created a conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan, and researchers and politicians from both sides argue in favor of their country, Pakistan gives reasons to approve the Durand Agreement and accept this border as an official border. Afghan researchers give reasons for not accepting it.

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Major Political Events in 2023 and Their Impacts on the International Order

2023 The year was the most important year of political, security, and economic problems and changes at the international level. In this year, the war between Ukraine and Russia intensified, the oppression of the oppressed people of Palestine reached its last limit, and Azerbaijan received Nagorno-Karabakh. The foreign policy of the United States of America regarding the Middle East has changed, and the inferiority, slavery, and helplessness of the Arab countries have been revealed. The position of the United States of America has been badly damaged at the international level due to the violation of human rights and its support for Israel. Economic developments took place in Afghanistan under the leadership of the Islamic Emirate, but the issue of girls’ education remained ambiguous. The region of the Islamic Emirate strengthened its relations, but its relations with Pakistan deteriorated a little on some issues, especially on forced migrants. The equations of the Middle East have changed a bit and all these events have made it easy to take steps towards the change of the international order and it is not far that the domination of the United States of America will end.

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The Islamic Emirate’s approach to engaging with the international community and its effects on recognition

There are international legal standards for the recognition of governments, but the recognition of governments is a political process and each country takes steps to recognize a new government based on its own interests. A strong central government, security and stability concerns, reduction in opium cultivation and production, regional economic projects, and the development of relations with neighboring and regional countries are what Afghanistan considers to be the cause and achievements for interaction with the international community. However, the suspension of girls’ education, women’s work, and the absence of an inclusive government are the problems that have closed the doors to the official recognition of the Islamic Emirate and are turning the international community away from engaging with the Taliban.

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RECENT GEOPOLITICAL CHANGES IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE REGION

Constructive Steps on Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: While not directly related to the current analysis, exploring constructive steps in recognizing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan could open avenues for implementing other proposals. This could involve diplomatic initiatives, dialogue, and collaboration to foster stability in the region.

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AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN DURING THE PERIOD OF THE ISLAMIC EMIRATE

As an important neighbor of Afghanistan, it is imperative to establish political relations with Pakistan to bolster economic ties between the two nations. The deterioration of political relations has had an adverse impact on economic relations.

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AFGHANISTAN’S PLACE IN CHINA’S REGIONAL PLANS

The Islamic Emirate should strategically design effective diplomacy strategies to cultivate relations with nations, including China. These strategies must underscore national interests and prioritize the preservation of the nation’s independence and sovereignty.

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IRAN’S PERMANENT MEMBERSHIP IN THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION: ITS EFFECTS ON THE REGION AND AFGHANISTAN

As long as the member countries of the organization do not solve their mutual problems and do not share the benefits with each other, the actions within the framework of the organization will not be effective.

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REVIEW OF THE UNITED NATIONS STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR AFGHANISTAN (2023-2025)

For the Islamic Emirate, it is suggested that in order to achieve the economic goals of the mentioned framework, which a good opportunity for Afghanistan is provide the necessary grounds and at the same time, by increasing more cooperation with the United Nations, facilitate the space for positive interaction with other organizations.

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