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The Election Of Masoud Pezeshkian As President Of Iran: Continuation Or Change In Foreign Policy

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The passing of former Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi led to early elections, a scenario anticipated by the Iranian Constitution, which provides solutions under various articles to ensure continuity without destabilizing the system. Leadership changes for various reasons are common in any country, but these changes do not necessarily affect the pursuit of national interests. However, the methods and policies to achieve and maintain these interests may evolve.

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The International Criminal Court’s Request for Netanyahu’s Arrest: Legal Assessment and Implications

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In summary, the prosecutor’s request to the International Criminal Court, as a reputable international legal body, yields positive and beneficial outcomes for the Palestinian struggle. If the judicial panel deems the prosecutor’s evidence sufficient, Israel’s isolation and mistrust among other countries will increase. The evidence is as clear as daylight and has been presented by the prosecutor. This will be because the judicial panel, authorized to issue arrest warrants, will not succumb to political pressures from the United States, Israel, and their supporters, and will proceed impartially.

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TAX EXEMPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON AFGHANISTAN’S ECONOMY

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Following the introduction of tax exemptions and facilitations, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has raised the threshold of taxable revenues for businesses from 150,000 Afghanis to 2 million Afghanis and reduced the tax rate from 0.5% to 0.3% on amounts exceeding that threshold. This adjustment is set to take effect from the first day of Hamal 1403. These exemptions can have both positive and negative effects on the economy of Afghanistan. For example, they can improve the livelihoods of entrepreneurs and businessmen as the extra burden of consumption is lifted from their shoulders. Additionally, reduced consumption due to tax exemptions can lead to the development and improvement of businesses quantitatively and qualitatively, ultimately contributing to economic growth. Entrepreneurs can reinvest the exempted amounts into their businesses, leading to increased supply and employment in the economy, or they can spend it elsewhere, thus increasing demand. This simultaneous movement of supply and demand fosters economic growth.

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U.S. FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS THE ISLAMIC EMIRATE

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There are three ways for the United States to engage with the Islamic Emirate:

Complete Isolation: Isolate the Islamic Emirate entirely and impose additional severe restrictions until they meet the U.S. demands.

Official Recognition: Recognize the Islamic Emirate officially and establish formal diplomatic relations with it.

Engagement without Recognition: Neither isolate it completely nor officially recognize it, but rather engage with it without formal recognition until the Islamic Emirate makes changes in its domestic policies.

So far, the United States has chosen the third path.

The specific objectives of U.S. foreign policy towards the Islamic Emirate include combating terrorism, fighting for the education and employment rights of girls, preventing drug trafficking, providing aid to prevent a humanitarian crisis, and evacuating U.S. allies from Afghanistan, and applying restrictions and pressure to make the Islamic Emirate meet its demands.

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An assessment of the legal arguments in the “Revisiting The Durand Line: Historical and Legal Perspectives”

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The Durand Agreement has created a conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan, and researchers and politicians from both sides argue in favor of their country, Pakistan gives reasons to approve the Durand Agreement and accept this border as an official border. Afghan researchers give reasons for not accepting it.

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POWER STRUGGLES IN PAKISTAN’S ELECTIONS AND POSSIBLE FUTURE SCENARIOS IN AFGHANISTAN

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Based on the above, we conclude that if the future government of Pakistan is formed by the election team of the Muslim League Nawaz in coalition with the Pakistan People’s Party, due to the dissatisfaction of the absolute majority of Pakistan citizens (who identified themselves as supporters of Imran Khan in the elections), The intensification of the attacks from TTP and finally the freedom-loving and independence-seeking approach of the Afghans will cause the Pakistani authorities to accuse the Afghan government which will negatively impact the relationship between the Islamic Emirate and Pakistan affecting Afghanistan’s economy due to the creation of friction in the trade route to South Asia and even China from Pakistan, as well as creating political pressure that can have an unpleasant future for the Islamic Emirate

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